斷氣剎和氣剎的區別
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系統原理
斷氣剎組成部件
普通氣(qi)剎制動系統由制動操(cao)縱機構、雙回(hui)路制動機構、制動器、空壓(ya)機等(deng)組成。
其中制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)操縱(zong)機構包括制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)踏板、踏板吊掛、手(shou)動(dong)(dong)(dong)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)閥(fa)(fa)等(deng);雙回路制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機構包括儲氣筒、制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)閥(fa)(fa)、低(di)壓報警器、氣壓調節器、制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)管、換向閥(fa)(fa)、繼動(dong)(dong)(dong)閥(fa)(fa)、安全閥(fa)(fa)、放水閥(fa)(fa)。
斷氣剎工作原理
因斷氣剎(cha)制(zhi)動系統行車制(zhi)動原理(li)與普通(tong)氣剎(cha)是(shi)一(yi)樣的(de),這里**講述駐車制(zhi)動的(de)工作原理(li)。
**講解(jie)一下(xia)儲能彈簧氣(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)構,儲能彈簧氣(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)車(che)(che)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)和駐(zhu)車(che)(che)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)合體(ti),行(xing)(xing)車(che)(che)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)在下(xia),駐(zhu)車(che)(che)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)在上,行(xing)(xing)車(che)(che)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)通氣(qi)(qi)(qi)口焊接(jie)在駐(zhu)車(che)(che)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)殼體(ti)上,其孔(kong)(kong)道(dao)(dao)與(yu)駐(zhu)車(che)(che)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)通氣(qi)(qi)(qi)口接(jie)頭孔(kong)(kong)道(dao)(dao)平行(xing)(xing)。并以平行(xing)(xing)于氣(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)軸(zhou)線的(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)孔(kong)(kong)道(dao)(dao)與(yu)行(xing)(xing)車(che)(che)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)相通。行(xing)(xing)車(che)(che)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)活塞(sai)組件(jian)包(bao)括活塞(sai)體(ti)、密(mi)土(tu)封(feng)皮圈、導向套(tao)筒。當施行(xing)(xing)駐(zhu)車(che)(che)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)時,推(tui)桿只推(tui)動(dong)(dong)活塞(sai),而行(xing)(xing)車(che)(che)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)時,活塞(sai)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)。
在汽(qi)車(che)(che)起(qi)步(bu)之前,應將手控閥的操縱桿扳回(hui)解(jie)除駐車(che)(che)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)位(wei)置,使壓(ya)縮空氣(qi)自(zi)駐車(che)(che)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)儲(chu)氣(qi)筒(tong)充入駐車(che)(che)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)氣(qi)室(shi),壓(ya)縮儲(chu)能彈簧,使駐車(che)(che)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)活塞(sai)回(hui)到(dao)不(bu)(bu)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)位(wei)置,同時行車(che)(che)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)活塞(sai)也在回(hui)位(wei)彈簧作用(yong)下(xia)回(hui)位(wei)。此時駐車(che)(che)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)解(jie)除,汽(qi)車(che)(che)方能起(qi)步(bu),但如果儲(chu)氣(qi)筒(tong)的氣(qi)壓(ya)未達(da)到(dao)*小安全值,則不(bu)(bu)可能壓(ya)縮彈簧,因(yin)而汽(qi)車(che)(che)也不(bu)(bu)可能起(qi)步(bu),這是利用(yong)儲(chu)能彈簧進行駐車(che)(che)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)主要優(you)點。
當駕駛員操(cao)縱(zong)手動制動閥(fa)時(shi),芯管在(zai)彈簧作用緊靠操(cao)縱(zong)凸輪(lun),此時(shi),進氣(qi)(qi)閥(fa)關閉,排氣(qi)(qi)閥(fa)開啟,出氣(qi)(qi)口(kou)經芯管和排氣(qi)(qi)口(kou)通大(da)氣(qi)(qi),同時(shi)復(fu)合制動氣(qi)(qi)室中的儲(chu)能(neng)制動氣(qi)(qi)室也經快放閥(fa)通大(da)氣(qi)(qi)。于(yu)是(shi)汽車(che)(che)處于(yu)駐車(che)(che)制動狀(zhuang)態。
駐車(che)制動(dong)(dong)(dong)氣室推(tui)(tui)桿(gan)*大行(xing)程比行(xing)車(che)制動(dong)(dong)(dong)推(tui)(tui)桿(gan)*大行(xing)程一般大10%,因此,當(dang)行(xing)車(che)制動(dong)(dong)(dong)推(tui)(tui)桿(gan)已移到*大行(xing)程,但卻由于制動(dong)(dong)(dong)器間隙(xi)過大而未能實(shi)現完全制動(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi),可以使駐車(che)制動(dong)(dong)(dong)氣室放氣,利用儲能彈簧助(zhu)力,進一步推(tui)(tui)出行(xing)車(che)制動(dong)(dong)(dong)推(tui)(tui)桿(gan),以實(shi)現完全制動(dong)(dong)(dong)。
系統區別
普通(tong)氣剎(cha)制(zhi)動系統(tong)和斷氣剎(cha)制(zhi)動系統(tong),兩者有(you)相同之處(chu),但也有(you)不同的地方。區別之處(chu)主要(yao)有(you)以(yi)下幾點
1、駐(zhu)車制(zhi)動有本質(zhi)的(de)區別,前者是(shi)中央(yang)盤式制(zhi)動,是(shi)人力式,后(hou)者是(shi)儲能彈簧(huang)氣制(zhi)動,是(shi)動力式,其供能裝(zhuang)置是(shi)完全(quan)不同的(de)。
2、普通氣(qi)剎的(de)駐(zhu)車(che)(che)(che)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)只能(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)(zai)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)靜止的(de)情況(kuang)下使用(yong),因(yin)為其制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)力矩是(shi)作用(yong)在(zai)(zai)傳動(dong)軸上,如果在(zai)(zai)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)行(xing)(xing)駛當中使用(yong),極易(yi)造(zao)成傳動(dong)軸和后(hou)橋的(de)嚴(yan)重超載荷,還(huan)可能(neng)(neng)(neng)因(yin)差速器殼被(bei)抱死而發生左(zuo)右兩車(che)(che)(che)輪的(de)旋轉方(fang)向相反(fan)(fan),致使汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)時跑偏甚至掉(diao)頭。但(dan)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)彈簧制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)則不(bu)(bu)然,相反(fan)(fan)因(yin)為儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)彈簧駐(zhu)車(che)(che)(che)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)行(xing)(xing)程(cheng)(cheng)大(da)于行(xing)(xing)車(che)(che)(che)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)行(xing)(xing)程(cheng)(cheng),在(zai)(zai)行(xing)(xing)車(che)(che)(che)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)力不(bu)(bu)足的(de)情況(kuang)下,還(huan)可以使用(yong)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)彈簧助力進行(xing)(xing)應急制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)。所(suo)以儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)彈簧制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)不(bu)(bu)僅可以作駐(zhu)車(che)(che)(che)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong),還(huan)可以作應急制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)。所(suo)以斷氣(qi)剎式(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)系統與普通氣(qi)剎相比,在(zai)(zai)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)穩定性和安(an)全性方(fang)面更勝一(yi)籌。
斷氣剎優點解釋
制(zhi)動氣(qi)室(shi)內有個強力彈(dan)簧,行車(che)時壓縮空氣(qi)將彈(dan)簧頂起。手剎(cha)(cha)車(che)就(jiu)是把氣(qi)放(fang)掉,讓彈(dan)簧把剎(cha)(cha)車(che)鎖死。行車(che)中氣(qi)壓過低時也會產生剎(cha)(cha)車(che)效應,保證安全。
常(chang)規剎車(che)是手(shou)剎鎖住傳動軸(zhou)(zhou),腳剎時由(you)壓縮空氣(qi)進入制動氣(qi)室鎖住車(che)輪(lun)。在手(shou)剎或傳動軸(zhou)(zhou)機械故障時,手(shou)剎失靈(ling);在氣(qi)泵、管路、儲氣(qi)筒、制動閥任何一(yi)個部位故障時,腳剎失靈(ling)。而斷氣(qi)剎車(che)就可有效避免這些危險。